Eutelsat is committed to the responsible use of space
Eutelsat Group operates satellites in both geostationary orbit 35,786 kilometres (22,236 miles) above the Earth along the Equator, and in low Earth orbit approximately 1,200 kilometres (746 miles) above the Earth. The space debris management policies applied to these two different regimes are tailored to the specific needs and constraints of each orbit environment as described below.
The space debris management policies implemented by Eutelsat Group for many years makes the company a responsible global satellite operator maintaining high standards and making constant efforts to protect the Earth’s orbital environment and the sustainability of space operations.
We work in close partnership with satellite manufacturers and launch service providers to mitigate satellite satellite’s environmental impacts.
Space debris management policy for geostationary satellites
Eutelsat Group’s geostationary satellites operate 35,786 kilometres (22,236 miles) above Earth. At end-of-life (15 to 20 years), they are moved to a graveyard orbit, 300 kilometres beyond geostationary orbit, using allocated on-board propellant. This ensures they do not re-enter the GEO protected region (GEO +/-200 km) or the Earth’s atmosphere.
Throughout their operational lives, including decommissioning, these satellites comply with the French Space Operations Act and international regulations. Since the early 2000s, Eutelsat Group has implemented a responsible space debris management policy, combining operational experience with international recommendations. Our GEO satellite operations are certified ISO 9001 and ISO 27001.
In 2005, we established a Space Debris Mitigation Plan, aligned with international and European guidelines, and the French Space Operations Act. This Plan outlines requirements for end-of-life operations, passivation, and minimizing collision risks.
To date, we have re-orbited and passivated nearly 30 satellites at end-of-life, with a near 100% success rate, all in compliance with international guidelines and the French Space Operations Act. We assess collision risks using data from USSTRATCOM, the EU SST anti-collision service, and the Space Data Association database.
Eutelsat Group remains committed to sustainable space operations and minimizing space debris. Eutelsat is a founder member of the Net Zero Space initiative launched by the Paris Peace Forum, for the creation of a sustainable space environment by 2030 and a signatory of the ESA’s joint statement for a responsible sector.
Space debris management policy for Low Earth Orbit satellites
Eutelsat Group’s first generation (Gen 1) OneWeb LEO constellation comprises 12 planes, each with up to 48 operational satellites. These satellites operate at an altitude of 1,200 km, with planes separated by 4 km for passive safety. Satellites are typically launched in batches of 34 to 40 and are injected into orbits between 450 km and 600 km. They then use electric propulsion to reach their mission orbit, with some remaining at 600 km temporarily.
At end-of-life, satellites de-orbit to around 250 km. Before atmospheric re-entry, their fuel tanks are emptied, batteries discharged, and onboard computers powered off, rendering them non-manoeuvrable. The Gen 1 OneWeb LEO satellites include features for potential de-orbiting or servicing via Active Debris Removal (ADR), with a demonstration mission by Astroscale expected in 2025. No debris is intentionally released during any mission phase.
The typical on-orbit lifetime for these satellites is 6.5 to 9 years, with the LEOP and EOR phases taking 6 months and deorbit phase about 1 year. Satellites operate in compliance with the UK Outer Space Act 1986 and the Space Industry Act 2018, adhering to international standards.
The constellation is managed with a highly automated ground system, using algorithmically standardized manoeuvre sequences, validated automatically and screened against up-to-date space object data from sources like the United States Space Force’s 19th Space Defense Squadron and LeoLabs. Eutelsat has established bilateral Space Traffic Management (STM) agreements with other major space constellations and has co-published best practices with SpaceX and Iridium.
To date, thanks to Eutelsat Group’s LEO fleet management system and operating principles, the team has successfully deorbited 2 satellites, orbit raised more than 600 satellites, automatically planned half a million manoeuvres, including risk mitigating ones, and monitored and managed more than 3 million crossings with neighbouring space objects.
Exemplary Space Traffic Management standards
OneWeb’s Space Traffic Management guidelines ensure collision risk management far exceeds industry standards. This dedication was recognized in 2024 with a Platinum rating by the Space Sustainability Rating initiative, reflecting our commitment to responsible space stewardship.